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There are many different types of cloud services, each involving different types of technology and assets. We give an overview below, we use this model later to indicate the different contribution of clients and cloud service provider.  Infrastructure as a ...

Facilities are the basic IT resources which underlies all types of cloud services (IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS),network, housing, cooling, and power.

Organization are the human resources, the processes and the policies and procedures that maintain the facilities and support the delivery of services. Management of the Provider’s human resources is largely out of the control of the Customer. The Customer’s d...

The Datacenter should be above Tier 3 to implement the cloud infrastructure and it is mandatory to follow the standards and procedures. The main differences between cloud service categories relate to how control is shared between Customer and Provider, which ...

Asset management and monitoring are processes and it needs to be regulated as per ISO 27001 and cloud security alliance standards.In the case of cloud computing, many resources and assets are managed and monitored by the provider, but the customers might need ...

Below security measures needs to be considered in the cloud environment. Physical Security Network and Infrastructure Security (Systems, Hosts and Network) Application and DB Security Security and Compliance Information Security Software Security Secu...

Cloud service provider must enforce the physical security as per the ISO27001 controls and it must be implemented and followed in a professional manner and the detailed control mapping is mentioned in the Annex A. In a cloud environment, Individual entity env...

Cloud service provider must enforce the network security as per the ISO27001 controls and it must be implemented and followed in a professional manner and the detailed control mapping is mentioned in the Annex A. Cloud service provider must ensure the network...

Environments where organizations’ data is stored in the same instance of the database managementsystems data store.

Proactive testing, identification and mitigation of vulnerabilities are an important part of achieving and maintaining compliance ISO 27001 and cloud security alliance standards that utilize cloud services and systems. Cloud service provider must ensure that ...

IT governance by the cloud service provider is a significant concern for a cloud service customer, then customers are advised to establish whether a provider complies with one or more of these governance and management standards. Cloud service customers must ...

 Incident response Customers need to be notified when an issue, incident, or breach has occurred and the impact to environment or to their data. Issues, incidents and data breaches should be communicated by the Provider to all affected Customers in a timely m...

Cloud service provider must develop an organizational requirement for business continuity plans (BCP), fault tolerance, high availability and disaster recovery (DR) controls apply to the Customer’s outsourced environments as they do for Customer managed facili...

This below table represents the responsibilities of the Cloud Service Provider (CSP) and End User (EU) in the Cloud Security as per the ISO27001:2013 Standard, and Cloud Security Standard.*CSP – Cloud Service Provider*EU – End User ISO 27001:2013 ...

GIS and spatial data systems play a role in capturing, analyzing, and visualizing geographic information, enabling informed decision-making across various industries. In Rwanda, Government institutions are using GIS in many ways such as National land use plann...

Data storage guidelines address how spatial data should be organized, stored, and maintained in database systems or files. Consistent storage standards ensure data integrity, accessibility, and ease of retrieval for users and applications. Key guidelines for d...

Data integration processes for GIS spatial data include data conversion, data merging and data format standardization. These are essential for creating a consistent and unified spatial dataset. Key guidelines include: Adopt an open data format like Shapefil...

Data sharing guidelines aim to support data sharing among institutions through adoption of common standards and tools. Recommendations include: Establish data sharing protocols and agreements when collaborating with other organizations. Clearly define data ...

The guidelines outline procedures for data validation, error checking, and data accuracy assessments. Data of high quality is essential for making reliable decisions and producing accurate results. Below are guidelines on data quality. Implement data valida...

i.    Geoprocessing: Verify the spatial relationships to avoid overlaps, gaps, or invalid geometries. Ensure all spatial datasets have the same coordinate system or project them to a common one for accurate analysis. Convert data between different formats...