# Scope of the EA Framework

The scope for Government of Rwanda Enterprise Architecture Framework includes the following:  
• Architecture Development Methods (ADM)  
• Architecture Content Management  
• Enterprise Architecture Tools

# Architecture Development Method (ADM)

The Architecture Development Method (ADM) describes how the artefacts that enterprise architecture will document and maintain.

**<u>NOTE:</u>** *Each entity within<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>the government of Rwanda<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>will define its own enterprise architecture following the standards that the RGEA has defined.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>The term ‘Government-wide’ Enterprise Architecture refers to the set of common EA standards, principles and building blocks that each entity will need to define in developing respective architectures.*

The<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>scope<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>ADM<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>therefore<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>covers<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>following<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">areas:</span>

<span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span>**Business<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>Architecture:<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>**This<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>includes<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>definition<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">of:</span>

- ***Business<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>Strategy<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>(****Business<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>Direction<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>Model*)<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>–<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>This<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>include<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">following:</span>
- **Business<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>drivers<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>**such<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>government<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>mandates,<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>legislative<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>requirements,<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>ministerial decrees, strategic goals and initiatives
- **Strategic<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>objectives<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>**of<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">organization</span>
- **Business requirements.** Closely aligned to the strategic objectives, these are the requirements for business to meet the strategic objectives
- **Business<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>services** –<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>list and<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>description<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>the services that the business<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>delivers<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>to its customers (these include both internal and external customers such as the <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">citizenly)</span>
- **Core Business Processes** – within the scope of this programme, only core business processes will be mapped.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>These are processes that are aligned to specific business units or service e.g. Birth Registration, Local Government Inspection etc.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>The processes will not be document to the activity detail level for this programme.
- **Business Location** – it is understood that each public entity has offices spread over wide<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>geographical<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>areas<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>offering<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>differentiated<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>yet<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>related<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>business<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>services.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>To understand the levels<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>collaboration between<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>the functional units<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>over such<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>areas, it<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>necessary<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>model<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>services,<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>processes,<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>technology<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>based<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>area<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>of
- use. For Example, Data Capturing may be undertaken using a manual form in a rural area and thereafter be recaptured on a system at the head office.
- **Business<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>Function<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>**–<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>function<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>each<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>business<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>unit<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>performs<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>resultant responsibility for processes, services, and technology
- **Business Roles / Actors** -<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>this assigns responsibility of each service, process or technology to a role or an actor. Each process, a RACI should be defined. Thus, for each process there will be someone who is either Responsible (R), Accountable (A), Consulted (C) or Informed (I) for its execution
- **Stakeholders** – these are entities that have vested interest in the operations to the organization.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>They influence policy and have power to either enable or derail the enterprise architecture initiative
- ***Business Process Modelling*** – Only core business processes will be documented for this programme.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>These will include both manual and automated processes. Please refer to the Government *of Rwanda EA Standards.docx* for description of applicable business process modelling standards.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>The core business processes will be mapped against the core business <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">objectives.</span>

<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">2. I</span>**nformation<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>Systems<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>Architecture<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>**

- ***Documentation of the Application Landscape.*** This includes the development of an application catalogue. This is an asset that documents all the attributes of the information systems within a given environment complete with all the needed attributes for each application<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>(refer<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>*Government<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>Rwanda<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>Application<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>Catalogue<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>Template.xls*).<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>Apart<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>from cataloging<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>applications<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>environment,<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>helpful<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>asset<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>will<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>assist<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>IT<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>managers in making future IT investment decisions through a clear assessment of the lifecycle of each system, required support, system integration matters and process automation.
- **NOTE:** *This does **NOT** include Software / System Architecture modelling i.e. a detailed architecture modelling of a specific system. The scope for the Government-wide EA project is to document interrelationships between disparate systems and present a view of the application landscape.*
- ***Data Architecture –*** for<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>this project, the data architecture does **NOT** include data modelling. The architecture documentation will seek to identity the data sources for each entity, data structures,<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>shared<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>data<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>across<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>entities<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>enable<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>integration<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>data<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>management<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>(including data storage, back-up)

3.<span style="font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span>**Technology<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>Architecture:<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>-<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>**This<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>will<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>cover<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>infrastructure<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>landscape<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>including<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>list<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>servers,<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>Type of Network, Data Storage Types, and communication protocols.

The<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>deliverables<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>will<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>present<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>blueprints<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>each<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>entity<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>following<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>key<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">elements:</span>

1. **Baseline<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>view<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>(As-Is<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>view):<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>**this<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>will<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>present<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>current<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>view<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>given<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">environment</span>
2. **Target view (To Be view):** this will describe the desired state of the environment taking into account the future strategic initiatives and IT capabilities that need to be put in place to meet these initiatives
3. **Gap Analysis:** this will overlay the Target (To Be) view over the Baseline (As Is) view to show the gaps that need to be filled as the organization transitions into the Target state
4. **Roadmap:** this will prioritize the initiatives that must be undertaken to aid the organization transition from the Baseline (As Is) to the Target (To Be) state

# Architecture Content Framework

The content framework for the Government of Rwanda Enterprise Architecture covers the following <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">areas:</span>

1. Architecture<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>Meta<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> Model</span>
2. Architecture<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>Building<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">blocks</span>
3. Architecture<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Deliverables</span>

# Enterprise Architecture Notation

Government of Rwanda has selected ArchiMate as a notation for enterprise architecture modelling. Models will be developed and stored within Sparx Enterprise Architect using the ArchiMate Notation.

##### **Architecture Meta-Model**

Effective enterprise architecture documentation entails the use of common standards that are easily applied and understood by both architects and target audience.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>To this end, apart from defining the enterprise architecture framework – which<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>outlines the artefacts<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>or primitives that need to be<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>modelled

– there is also a requirement to define the relationship between these<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>artefacts<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>which<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>are shared across the domains.

This<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>relationship<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>defined<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>using<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>Meta-Model. TOGAF has defined meta-model as:

*“a<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>precise<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>definition<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>constructs<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>rules<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>needed<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>creating<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">models.”</span>*

 It<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>further<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>states<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>meta<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>model<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;">is:</span>

*“a<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>model<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>describes<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>how<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>what<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>architecture<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>will<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>be described<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>structured <span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">way”</span>*

As stated above, the government of Rwanda has adopted and modified TOGAF for its architecture implementation.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>By extension, the TOGAF Meta model has also been adopted and modified to ensure that it is truly aligned to the needs and requirements of government or Rwanda

The prime role of the Meta Model is to provide definition and relationship between all artefacts and building blocks that make up enterprise architecture.

[![image.png](https://guidelines.risa.gov.rw/uploads/images/gallery/2025-10/scaled-1680-/BNQimage.png)](https://guidelines.risa.gov.rw/uploads/images/gallery/2025-10/BNQimage.png)

To<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>facilitate<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>process,<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>government<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>Rwanda<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>has<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>adopted<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>use<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>of *ArchiMate<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>*notation.<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>To<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>this end, the Meta Model covers four layers namely:

##### **Business Layer Meta-Model**

This<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>cover<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>phases<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>A<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>B<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>TOGAF ([*<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 150%; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Figure 2</span>*](#_bookmark2))<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>i.e.<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>Architecture<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>vision<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>Business<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>Architecture.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>The Business Layer Meta Model for the RGEA is depicted below.

[![image.png](https://guidelines.risa.gov.rw/uploads/images/gallery/2025-10/scaled-1680-/wSximage.png)](https://guidelines.risa.gov.rw/uploads/images/gallery/2025-10/wSximage.png)

##### **Business Layer Objects**

[![image.png](https://guidelines.risa.gov.rw/uploads/images/gallery/2025-10/scaled-1680-/tnvimage.png)](https://guidelines.risa.gov.rw/uploads/images/gallery/2025-10/tnvimage.png)

[![image.png](https://guidelines.risa.gov.rw/uploads/images/gallery/2025-10/scaled-1680-/II9image.png)](https://guidelines.risa.gov.rw/uploads/images/gallery/2025-10/II9image.png)

##### **Information System Layer Meta Model**

<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">This<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>covers<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>definition<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>usage<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>application<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>data<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">concepts</span></span>

[![image.png](https://guidelines.risa.gov.rw/uploads/images/gallery/2025-10/scaled-1680-/U3Mimage.png)](https://guidelines.risa.gov.rw/uploads/images/gallery/2025-10/U3Mimage.png)

##### **Information Systems Layer Objects**

[![image.png](https://guidelines.risa.gov.rw/uploads/images/gallery/2025-10/scaled-1680-/1Egimage.png)](https://guidelines.risa.gov.rw/uploads/images/gallery/2025-10/1Egimage.png)

[![image.png](https://guidelines.risa.gov.rw/uploads/images/gallery/2025-10/scaled-1680-/tITimage.png)](https://guidelines.risa.gov.rw/uploads/images/gallery/2025-10/tITimage.png)

##### **Technology Architecture Layer Meta Model**

<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">This<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>covers<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>definition<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>usage<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>Technology<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">concepts</span></span>

[![image.png](https://guidelines.risa.gov.rw/uploads/images/gallery/2025-10/scaled-1680-/kU2image.png)](https://guidelines.risa.gov.rw/uploads/images/gallery/2025-10/kU2image.png)

##### **<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Technology Layer Objects</span></span>**

[![image.png](https://guidelines.risa.gov.rw/uploads/images/gallery/2025-10/scaled-1680-/xs4image.png)](https://guidelines.risa.gov.rw/uploads/images/gallery/2025-10/xs4image.png)

[![image.png](https://guidelines.risa.gov.rw/uploads/images/gallery/2025-10/scaled-1680-/YyFimage.png)](https://guidelines.risa.gov.rw/uploads/images/gallery/2025-10/YyFimage.png)

# Architecture Building Blocks

Success<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>enterprise<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>architecture<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>projects<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>hinges<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>number<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>things.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>Key<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>among<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>many<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>dependencies is the establishment of sound building blocks for EA implementation.

Building<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>blocks,<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>definition,<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>critical<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>elements<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>lay<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>foundation<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>success<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>initiative. These represent both abstract building blocks such as Governance Structure, Standards, Principles, IT Roadmap<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>Strategy<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>etc<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>well<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>physical<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>artefacts<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>such<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>Databases,<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>Servers,<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>applications,<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>skilled <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">resources.</span>

In a nutshell, building blocks form the foundation on which enterprise architecture implementation will be based.

The<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>following<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>some<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>key<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>building<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>blocks<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>Government<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>Rwanda<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>Enterprise<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Architecture:</span>

- <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span>Enterprise<span style="letter-spacing: 4.0pt;"> </span>Architecture<span style="letter-spacing: 4.0pt;"> </span>Governance<span style="letter-spacing: 3.95pt;"> </span>model<span style="letter-spacing: 4.0pt;"> </span>(refer<span style="letter-spacing: 3.8pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 4.0pt;"> </span>‘***Government<span style="letter-spacing: 3.9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 3.9pt;"> </span>Rwanda<span style="letter-spacing: 4.0pt;"> </span>Enterprise Architecture Governance.docx***’)
- Enterprise<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>Architecture<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>Principles<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>(refer<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>‘***Government<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>Rwanda<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>Enterprise<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>Architecture <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Principles.docx’</span>***<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">)</span>
- RGEA<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>Meta<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>Model<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>([*<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Figure<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>6:<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>**Government<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>Rwanda<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>EA<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>Meta-model<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">layers</span>**</span>*](#_bookmark13)<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">)</span>
- RGEA<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>Framework<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>([*<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Figure<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>3:<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>**The<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>Rwanda<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>Government-wide<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>Enterprise<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>Architecture<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>Framework<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>**</span>*<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; color: windowtext; letter-spacing: -.1pt; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">(RGEA)</span>](#_bookmark3)
- Enterprise<span style="letter-spacing: 4.0pt; mso-font-width: 150%;"> </span>Architecture<span style="letter-spacing: 4.0pt; mso-font-width: 150%;"> </span>documentation<span style="letter-spacing: 4.0pt; mso-font-width: 150%;"> </span>guideline<span style="letter-spacing: 4.0pt; mso-font-width: 150%;"> </span>(***Government<span style="letter-spacing: 4.0pt; mso-font-width: 150%;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 4.0pt; mso-font-width: 150%;"> </span>Rwanda<span style="letter-spacing: 4.0pt; mso-font-width: 150%;"> </span>Enterprise<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>Architecture Guide.docx)***

# Architecture deliverables

The<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>deliverables<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>enterprise<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>architecture<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>projects<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>will<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>Blueprints<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>each<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>government<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>entity.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>The blueprints will be developed based on the architecture methodology and architecture standards.

Refer<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>following<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>documents<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>information<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>pertaining<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>development<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">blueprints:</span>

- *Government<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>Rwanda<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>Enterprise<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>Architecture Governance.docx* – This<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>outlines<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>the governance structures that will drive the implementation of enterprise architecture across Government of <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Rwanda</span>
- *Government of Rwanda Enterprise Architecture Principles.docx* – This outlines the guiding principles that will drive the enterprise architecture initiatives
- *Government of Rwanda Enterprise Architecture Standards.docx* – This outlines the architecture standards that each initiative will need to adhere to
- *Blueprint Development Guidelines for Government of Rwanda Enterprise Architecture.ppt* – this describes systematic instructions on how to undertake an enterprise architecture assignment

# EA Tools

The Government of Rwanda has procured *Sparx Enterprise Architect* for documenting enterprise architecture<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>models.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>The<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>choice<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>*Sparx<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>Enterprise<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>Architect<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>*is<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>driven<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>tool’s<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>robust<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>functionalities that<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>not<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>only<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>support<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>multiple<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>architecture<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>models,<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>but<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>also<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>its<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>ability<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>re-use<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>objects<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>within<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>shared Object repository.

The<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>other<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>tools<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>will<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>be<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>used<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>listed<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">below:</span>

1. Architecture<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>Modelling:<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>***Sparx<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>Enterprise<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Architect</span>***
2. Artifact<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>Library<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>/<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>Repository:<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>***Sparx<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>Enterprise<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Architect</span>***
3. Reporting:<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>***Microsoft<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">Word</span>***
4. Data<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>Capturing:<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>***MS<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Excel</span>***
5. Presentation:<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>***MS<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Powerpoint</span>***
6. Notation:<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>***ArchiMate<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>UML<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Notation</span>***

<p class="callout info"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Refer<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>*Blueprint<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>Development<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>Guidelines<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>Government<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>Rwanda<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>Enterprise<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Architecture.ppt</span>*</span></p>

# Reference Models

Application Reference Model

It is acknowledged that public entities fall within different industries and therefore have different and unique requirements.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>These requirements inform the structure and arrangement of some of the attributes that respective entities have. As such, therefore, there will be different reference models for each industry / cluster.

One of the important reference models that will need to be developed for each cluster will be the application Reference Model.

The application reference model presents a structure view of the applications that each entity uses in relation to the business requirements.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>The model reflects core capabilities and the applications that are

<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">used within and organization as well as the enterprise wide application needs which are viewed as organization enablers.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>Below is a diagram of a sample application reference model.</span>

[![image.png](https://guidelines.risa.gov.rw/uploads/images/gallery/2025-10/scaled-1680-/fJqimage.png)](https://guidelines.risa.gov.rw/uploads/images/gallery/2025-10/fJqimage.png)

[![image.png](https://guidelines.risa.gov.rw/uploads/images/gallery/2025-10/scaled-1680-/VFGimage.png)](https://guidelines.risa.gov.rw/uploads/images/gallery/2025-10/VFGimage.png)The top-level view of the model merely depicts the capabilities of respective applications per business / functional areas.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>Concealed within the top level view are the actual names of applications.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>While this diagram<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>important<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>conveys<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>important<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>information,<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>real<span style="letter-spacing: -.65pt;"> </span>value<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>comes<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>from<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>ability<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>conduct impact assessment for each application.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>This view provides a strong foundation for determining the extent at which an application is used within the environment.

Within<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>*Sparx Enterprise Architect* and<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>indeed<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>any other<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>repository-based<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>enterprise architecture<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>toolset, it<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>possible<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>select<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>artefact<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>such<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>application<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>view<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>all<span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span>other<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>entities<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span>associated<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>with it.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>In<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>case,<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>application<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>reference<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>model<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>will<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>enable<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>decision<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>makers<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>see<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>business<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>areas<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>and services that utilize a specific application.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>In that way, when change is being considered for any given application,<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>decision<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>makers<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>able<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>see<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>impact<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>that<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>change<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>will<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>have<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>all<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>related<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>business<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>units and services.

##### **ESB**

<p class="callout info">Refer<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>document<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>*Government<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>Rwanda<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>Enterprise<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>Architecture<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>ESB<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>Reference<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Model.DOCX</span>*</p>

##### ***<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Security</span>***

<p class="callout info">Refer<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>document<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>*Government<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>Rwanda<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>Enterprise<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>Architecture<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>Security<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>Reference<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Model.DOCX</span>*</p>

# Artefacts to be produced

The<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>following<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>will<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>make<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>up<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>deliverables<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>enterprise<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>architecture<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>project<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>each<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">entity:</span>

1. Conceptual<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>Model<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>–<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"> </span>shows<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>alignment<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>all<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>architecture<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> domains</span>
2. Business<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>Direction<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>model<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">view</span>
3. Business<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span>Process<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Models:</span>
4. Business<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>Service<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>catalogue<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>(High<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">level)</span>
5. Application<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Catalogue</span>
6. Application<span style="letter-spacing: -.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Models:</span>
7. Technology<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">models</span>
8. <span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Matrices</span>

- - Application<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>Business<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>Process<span style="letter-spacing: -.35pt;"> </span>/<span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;"> </span>Service<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Matrices</span>
    - Application<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.25pt;"> </span>Technology<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Matrices</span>
    - Application<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>Database<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Matrices</span>