Database maintenance
The following are guidelines on management and maintenance of DBMS systems should be adopted:

Performance monitoring and tuning [Recommended]
Implement real-time monitoring to promptly detect and respond to performance issues as they arise 

 Implement database performance tuning which involves optimizing the configuration, structure, and queries of a database system to achieve optimal efficiency, responsiveness, and overall performance 

 Monitor utilization of key resources such as CPU, memory, disk I/O, and network. Resource bottlenecks can significantly impact database performance

Change management [Mandatory]
Establish a formal process for submitting requesting, approval and implementation of changes to a database 

 Document all database changes comprehensively. This includes changes to schema, indexes, stored procedures, triggers, and configuration settings 

 Use version control systems for database schema and code changes. This helps track modifications, roll back changes if needed, and collaborate effectively 

 Have dedicated testing environments where you can validate changes before deploying them to the production database.

Documentation [Mandatory]
Maintain accurate and up-to-date database documentation which is crucial for the efficient and effective management of databases within an institution